Ontario has the most varied landscape of any Canadian province. Two-thirds of the province lies under the Canadian Shield. To the east lies the eastern Ontario plain, between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers. To the west, from Kingston on, there are belted rolling hills and plains. Extreme southwestern Ontario is comparatively flat.
The rocks of the Canadian Shield are among the oldest on Earth. They date from the Archaean and Proterozoic eons of the Precambrian era million to 4 billion years ago. These formations contain the large mineral deposits that are so important to the economy of Northern Ontario. The sedimentary limestone , shale and sandstone underlying Southern Ontario are more recent than the Shield.
These rocks date from the Paleozoic era. They are generally of the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian periods to million years ago.
Except for the Niagara Escarpment , outcrops of these rocks are rare. All of Ontario was, at one time or another, covered in ice. As recently as 11, years ago the last ice sheet covering the province receded.
As the ice receded it carved the many lakes in the North. These early Great Lakes were considerably larger than their present descendants. As they evolved, they left behind a sand base. The rivers that once drained the lakes, such as the Grand River , now flow through broad valleys.
The effect of the ice age is still apparent. Scattered across Southern Ontario are rocks left behind by the glaciers. Systems of moraines, marking the edges of stalled glaciers , run across the province. The Horseshoe Moraines parallel the eastern shore of Lake Huron to the base of the Bruce Peninsula and southeast along the escarpment, then southwest toward Lake Erie.
Most importantly, Ontario's provincial parks will protect and conserve our rich natural and cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations. It produces more than 25 different metal and non-metal mineral products. Ontario stone was used to build the Ontario legislature, the federal parliament buildings in Ottawa, and the Canadian Embassy Washington, DC. The ancient rocks of the Canadian Shield cover two-thirds of Ontario and host many mineral deposits.
Younger sedimentary rocks also contain valuable minerals and unconsolidated glacial deposits are another important source of mineral riches. Amethyst, a variety of 6-sided purple quartz crystal, was adopted as Ontario's official gemstone in Amethyst, while occurring worldwide, is in rich supply along Lake Superior's north shore near Thunder Bay. It is also found in the Bancroft and North Bay areas.
Ontario is an important Canadian petroleum refining region, ranking second behind Alberta in refinery production in Six facilities 4 fuel refineries, a petro-chemical facility, and a lubes plant produced With the exception of transportation, natural gas is the major fuel used by all sectors of the economy, including residential, commercial and industrial heating.
Together, these stations are capable of generating approximately 35, megawatts of electricity. Ontario now has more than 1, wind turbines with a capacity of more than 2, megawatts, making Ontario the Canadian leader in wind power.
With a population of more than Catharines and Niagara Falls. With more than 9 million people, this area is one of the fastest growing areas in North America. The wider region spreads inland in all directions away from the Lake Ontario shoreline, southwest to Brantford, west to the Kitchener-Waterloo area, north to Barrie and northeast to Peterborough.
In eastern Ontario, Ottawa and Kingston are the predominant cities. Marie, North Bay, Timmins and Kenora. English is Ontario's official language, though there are several French-speaking communities across the province. Government services are provided in English and French in many designated regions across the province.
Ontario's population growth has depended on immigration ever since the American Revolution sent Loyalists north to Canada. Toronto has been called the most multicultural city in the world, where more than languages and dialects are spoken.
The median age for Ontarians is about 40 years. There are about 5 million households in Ontario and the life expectancy is about 79 years for men and 84 years for women.
Toronto has the largest variety of theatres and performing arts companies in Ontario, and the second largest in North America after New York. Dozens more fine theatres operate throughout the province. Within Canada, Ontario is the leading province for film and television production, book and magazine publishing, and sound recording. The Toronto International Film Festival, one of the largest and most influential film festivals in the world, is an annual event.
As well, Ontario is an internationally recognized hub for the interactive digital media industry producing various cutting-edge digital products and services. Most Ontario cities and towns have carefully preserved historic buildings. You can see accurately rebuilt forts and pioneer villages around the province, including Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg and Fort Wellington in Prescott.
Some towns, like Niagara-on-the-Lake and Elora, make a special effort to preserve the flavour of the past. Touring Ontario is easy by highway, boat or rail. You can visit attractions throughout the province, from country fairs and museums to zoos, floral gardens, theme parks and special events. If the land was for personal use, such as for a residential home, then there would be no HST charged.
Most land in Ontario is Crown land, which is public land owned by the provincial government. Nearly all of northern Ontario is Crown land, while southern Ontario is mainly privately-owned land. Buying crown land has restrictions and conditions on the use of the land. Crown land can be bought or it can be rented for specific uses.
Crown land is sold at market value, with exceptions allowing Crown land to be sold under market value for purposes that benefit the public. If you choose to rent Crown land, your rent is based on the market value of the land, with a minimum annual rent amount. Leasing, license of occupation, and land use permits do not give you ownership of the land, but they give you the right to use the land. Leases give you the exclusive right to use the land.
Land use permits are usually for up to 10 years, license of occupation for up to 20 years, and leases for 20 years or more. Only leases can have a negotiated right of renewal. Raw land is the cheapest to buy, but it also requires the most work. You will need to connect services and utilities, or develop them yourself if municipal services are not available. This might include building a water supply well, a septic tank, and physical road access.
Vacant land can be more expensive than raw land, but it is easier to get financing for and to develop. You can get private financing to purchase land in Ontario.
Vacant and raw land is risky for a lender since you are not directly attached to the land, compared to a residential mortgage where you can be at risk of losing your home if you miss your mortgage payments.
Raw land will require a higher down payment, have higher interest rates, and will be harder to get a loan for. You may need to go through an Ontario private lender or a mortgage broker to get a land loan. Some lenders, such as First National , consider land loans to be under commercial financing. This means that they may require you to have cash flow from other properties or cash reserves.
Depending on how large the purchase is, you may choose to pay for the land using cash, a personal loan, a HELOC, or a combination of these. If you currently own a home, you may use a home equity line of credit to borrow money to purchase the land.
You could also pay for the land purchase through a mortgage refinance on your current home or by getting a second mortgage on your home. Seller financing, or owner financing, is when the seller of the land acts as a lender.
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